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- The Azores are a group of Portuguese islands in the Atlantic
- Ocean, located between 37 deg and 39 deg north latitude and
- lying 1,190 km (740 mi) west of southern !PORTUGAL!Portugal~. Nine
- islands (and the Formigas rocks), stretching from northwest to
- southeast over a distance of about 645 km (400 mi), make up the
- group. Their combined area of 2,247 sq km (868 sq mi)
- accommodates a population of 253,600 (1989 est.), which is
- Portuguese-speaking and mainly of Portuguese descent. The
- small western islands, Corvo and Flores, are separated by about
- 240 km (150 mi) of open sea from the central group, which
- consists of Faial, Pico, Sao Jorge, Graciosa, and Terceira.
- Open sea separates these from the southeastern islands of Sao
- Miguel and Santa Maria.
-
- Sao Miguel, with an area of 746 sq km (288 sq mi), is the
- largest and most densely populated island. All except Santa
- Maria are of volcanic origin, built of lava and volcanic ash,
- and most are subject to severe earthquakes. Rugged in relief,
- they rise to heights of more than 900 m (3,000 ft) within a few
- miles of the coast. In Pico, with an area of only 433 sq km
- (167 sq mi), the volcanic cone of O Pico rises 2,351 m (7,713
- ft). The climate is temperate, with a very small seasonal
- range. Average temperatures in January are about 16 deg C (60
- deg F) and in August about 22 deg C (72 deg F). Rainfall is
- heavy on the windward sides of the islands, ranging between 762
- and 1,525 mm (30 and 60 in) annually. Much of it falls in
- winter, when severe gales may occur.
-
- Vegetation thrives at lower altitudes, where bananas,
- pineapples, and subtropical fruits are grown. From elevations
- of about 450 to 900 m (1,500 to 3,000 ft), temperate cereals
- and fruits prevail, and recently dairying has been introduced.
- Much agriculture is carried out on terraced slopes. Sardines,
- tuna, and other fish are caught. The population, engaged
- mainly in agriculture, is declining because of the migration to
- mainland Portugal and the United States. Most of the islands'
- trade passes through Ponta Delgada (Sao Miguel), Horta (Faial),
- and Angra do Heroismo (Terceira).
-
- The Azores were discovered by the Portuguese about 1427. They
- were uninhabited, but the Portuguese began to settle there a
- few years later. Occupied by Spain from 1580 to 1640, they
- were used as a staging base for the Spanish fleets. For
- political and administrative purposes, the islands form three
- provinces of !PORTUGAL!Portugal~.
-
-